Tanshinone IIA

In cardiovascular contexts, Tanshinone IIA protects cardiomyocytes from oxidative stress and hypertrophy by inhibiting calcineurin-NFAT3 activation and reducing pro-apoptotic proteins like PTEN. Clinical relevance is suggested by its ability to lower lipid peroxidation and improve microvascular function, supporting applications in coronary heart disease. Preclinical data show dose-dependent antitumor effects (IC50 = 0.25 μg/mL in MCF-7 cells) and low acute toxicity (LD50 >25 g/kg in rats). However, current applications are restricted to research use only, with no approved clinical formulations. Investigators are exploring its synergy with chemotherapeutics and nanodelivery systems to enhance bioavailability. Key studies emphasize its role as a natural monoacylglycerol lipase inhibitor, linking it to metabolic regulation. Ongoing trials aim to validate its efficacy in cardiovascular protection and cancer adjuvant therapy, leveraging its pleiotropic actions without severe adverse effects reported in vitro.