Geniposide is a naturally occurring iridoid glycoside primarily found in *Gardenia jasminoides* (Zhi Zi) and other medicinal plants. Extensively researched for its potential pharmacological effects, this compound shows particular promise in metabolic and neurological health applications. Current evidence comes primarily from preclinical studies, with human clinical trials still ongoing to validate these findings.

Cortex Eucommiae extract is derived from the bark of *Eucommia ulmoides* (Du Zhong), a plant long used in traditional medicine systems. Modern research has begun investigating its potential bioactive components, particularly lignans and iridoids, though clinical evidence remains limited. This extract is primarily used as a dietary supplement ingredient and in botanical research.

Ammothamnine is a naturally occurring alkaloid compound found in select medicinal plants, currently under scientific investigation for its potential bioactive properties. While preliminary studies suggest possible health applications, further clinical research is needed to fully understand its mechanisms and efficacy. This compound represents an area of growing interest in phytochemical research.

Tanshinone IIA is a naturally occurring diterpenequinone derived from the root of Salvia miltiorrhiza (red-rooted sage), traditionally used in Chinese medicine for cardiovascular and inflammatory conditions. Pharmacological studies reveal its multi-target mechanisms, including modulation of VEGF/VEGFR2 signaling to inhibit angiogenesis and suppression of inflammatory cytokines. Research highlights its potential in oncology by inducing apoptosis in cancer cells (e.g., lung, gastric) via PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway disruption and Bcl-2/Bax regulation.

Matrine is a bioactive alkaloid primarily found in *Sophora flavescens* (Kushen) and other medicinal plants. Known for its anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and antitumor properties, matrine has been widely used in traditional Chinese medicine and modern pharmacology. It supports liver health, immune modulation, and skin repair, making it valuable in nutraceuticals, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics.

Andrographolide is a bioactive compound derived from *Andrographis paniculata*, a herb traditionally used in Ayurvedic and Southeast Asian medicine. Known for its bitter taste and potential health benefits, andrographolide has gained attention for its role in supporting immune function and promoting overall wellness.

Apigenin is a natural flavonoid found in various plants, including chamomile, parsley, and celery. Known for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and potential anti-cancer properties, apigenin supports cellular health, promotes relaxation, and may enhance longevity. Its ability to modulate key signaling pathways makes it a promising compound in nutraceutical and therapeutic research.